I'll offer some tips for estimating fish without a tape when you are out on the water. This is how I often estimate within 1" of an actual tape measure. This only works if you are not a growing child or adolescent.
You'll need a measuring tape. Do this once, remember it, and then you'll be good for life (until you're old and get osteoporosis...at which point your bones shrink and your stature decreases).
As convention, I always measure from my middle finger, and I use my right arm as reference. Not that one arm is significantly longer than the other...but for sake of "accuracy" and "precision", I always use my right arm.
1) Measure from the tip of your middle finger to the base of your palm. This usually give you a good reference for smaller palm size fish, such as panfish.
2) Measure from the tip of your middle finger to the inside of your elbow. This usually give you a good reference for smaller size bass, average eater walleye or a BIG crappie. If you take this measure with your arm bent, as opposed to your arm full extended out, the discrepency is about 1". But that's a pretty good guesstimate +/- 1".
3) Fully extend your arm, and measure from the tip of your middle finger to your armpit. This usually give you a good reference of small pike and muskie, nice model walleye, some wall hanging bass, and the average migratory trout. Again, whether you measure this with your arm extended in front of you, or your arm extended down beside you, the discrepency is only about 1".
4) Stretch out your arm beside you, and measure from the tip of the middle finger to your left armpit with the tape across your chest just under the collar bone (so chest size isn't affected here). This usually give you a good reference for the typical salmon, bigger pike and muskies and big catfish.
For even bigger fish, then you just use multiples of your palm, or forearm or whatever to estimate.
Why go through all this, instead of saying "My palm from middle finger to the base is 7" long...and the fish is about 3 palms long"?
Because if you are right handed, and you hold a fish with right hand (lip, belly...whatever), you have a quick visual reference as to how long the fish is compared to the hand you are actually holding the fish. If you take a picture and have the fish next to your forearm, you can then go and estimate the size of your fish later. More often than not, I just hold the fish next to my arm and immediately have a good estimate of fish length. I can care less about girth unless the fish is especially skinny or fat...but a fairly accurate length will tell me approximate weight of the fish.
Not that I really do care about the exact weight of any fish I caught. The Flathead Catfish I recently caught from Pennsylvania was weighted at an exact 17.2lb...but I will only call it as 17lbs. I can care less about the 0.2lbs. If the fish burp, it'll lose that 0.2lb. If the fish poop while it is scared to death by these photographing alien creatures from the world above, it'll lose that 0.2lbs. If some more water shed off the fish, it'll lose that 0.2lbs. See my point?